Public Transport (KVB): Efficient U-Bahn (metro), S-Bahn (commuter rail), and streetcar network. Single tickets cost €2.40-3.20; day passes (€9.50) offer value for multiple journeys. All lines converge at Hauptbahnhof (Central Station).
Bicycles: Cologne is extremely bike-friendly with extensive cycle paths. Rent bikes from numerous shops (€1-2/hour). Perfect for exploring neighborhoods and river parks at your own pace.
Walking: Old Town and city center are compact and pedestrian-friendly. Most attractions are within 2-3 km of each other.
Taxis & Ride-sharing: Taxis available at stands; ride-sharing apps (Uber, Bolt) operate throughout the city. About €8-12 for typical city journeys.
River Transport: Tourist ferries cross the Rhine (€1.60 per journey) connecting north and south banks.