Subway & Trains: Extensive subway network connects all major areas with color-coded lines. Passes available for 1-3 days provide unlimited travel. Single journey tickets start at ¥180 (~$1.30). Purchase IC cards (Icoca, Suica) for convenient payment.
JR Train: The Japan Railway operates the fast JR Loop Line circling Osaka. Connections link to Kyoto (75 min), Kobe (30 min), and Hiroshima (90 min). Affordable day passes enable affordable regional exploration.
Buses & Taxis: Bus network covers areas beyond subway reach. Taxis are expensive (starting ¥680) but useful late-night after transit closes at midnight.
Airport Access: Kansai International Airport is 75 minutes south via Haruka Express train (¥3,600) or buses (¥2,600, 90 minutes).