Spring (March-May) and autumn (September-November) offer the most comfortable weather, mild temperatures and low rainfall, ideal for walking the Old City and hillside neighborhoods. Summer (June-August) is hot and dry with intense midday sun, manageable if you plan indoor visits during peak heat. Winter brings cooler temperatures and occasional rain, sometimes even light snow, but far fewer crowds at major sites. Jewish, Christian, and Muslim holidays (Passover, Easter, Ramadan, Sukkot) significantly affect crowd levels, opening hours, and hotel prices, check the calendar before booking.